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Layering

How to Layer for Skiing: Base, Mid and Shell Explained

How to dress for skiing and snowboarding: base layers, mid layers and shells, waterproof and breathability ratings, insulation, and what to avoid.

Quick answer

Use three layers: a base layer of merino or synthetic fabric that moves sweat off your skin, a mid layer of fleece or light insulation for warmth, and a waterproof, breathable shell jacket and pants. Adjust the mid layer for the temperature. Avoid cotton, which holds moisture. Shell waterproofing is rated in millimeters and breathability in grams; higher numbers handle wetter and harder days.

Layers let you add and remove warmth as the day changes.

The three layers

Layer Job Materials
Base Move sweat off skin Merino, synthetic
Mid Warmth Fleece, down, synthetic insulation
Shell Block wind and snow Waterproof, breathable fabric

Shell ratings

Rating What it measures
Waterproof (mm) Resistance to water pressure
Breathability (g/m²) How much vapor passes through

Hands and feet

Wear one pair of thin ski socks, and gloves or mittens rated for the cold. Mittens are warmer than gloves.

Related: ski vs snowboard for beginners.

Common questions

What should I wear under a ski jacket?

A moisture-wicking base layer and a fleece or light insulated mid layer, adjusted to the temperature.

What does 10K or 20K waterproof mean?

It is the fabric's waterproof rating in millimeters. Higher numbers resist more water pressure.

Is cotton OK for skiing?

No. Cotton holds sweat and snowmelt and makes you cold.